2023年研究生招生考試(英語一)真題

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically __1_ outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments of _2__.

This word “Caravanserais” is a __3__ of the Persian word “karvan”, which means a group of travellers or a caravan, and seray, a palace or enclosed building. The Perm caravan was used to __4__ groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, __5__ merchants, travellers or pilgrims.

From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes become more developed, the __6__ of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road __7__ possibility of being attacked by thieves or being __8__ to extreme conditions. For this reason, Caravanserais were strategically placed __9__ they could be reached in a day’s travel time.

Caravanserais served as an informal __10__ point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road. __11__, those structures became important centers for culture __12__ and interaction, with travelers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, __13__ talking knowledge with them, greatly __14__ the development of several civilizations.

Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and __15__ in the trade of goods along the Silk Road. __16__, it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and __17__ supplies for their own journeys. It is __18__ that around 120000 to 15000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road, __19__ only about 3000 are known to remain today, many of which are in __20__.

1.A. displayed B. occupied C. located D. equipped

2.A. privately B. regularly C. respectively D. permanently

3.A. definition B. transition C. substitution D. combination

4.A. classify B. record C. describe D. connect

5.A. apart from B. instead of C. such as D. along with

6.A. construction B. restoration C. impression D. evaluation

7.A. doubted B. faced C. accepted D. reduced

8.A. assigned B. subjected C. accustomed D. opposed

9.A. so that B. even if C. now that D. in case

10.A. talking B. starting C. breaking D. meeting

11.A. by the way B. on occasion C. in comparison D. As a result

12.A. heritage B. revival C. exchange D. status

13.A. with regard to B. in spite of C. as well as D. in line with

14.A. completing B. influencing C. resuming D. pioneering

15.A. aided B. invested C. failed D. competed

16.A. Rather B. Indeed C. otherwise D. However

17.A. go in for B. standard up for C. lose in on D. stock up on

18.A. believed B. predicted C. recalled D. implied

19.A. until B. because C. unless D. although

20.A. ruins B. debt C. fashion D. series

2023年研究生招生考試(英語一)真題解析

【1】C. located 后面outside the walls of a city or village表示位置 只有l(wèi)ocated 可以后接地址，表示坐落在……地方

【2】A privately 此處副詞修飾前面的fund, 帶入只有privately 私下資助更為合理

【3】 D. combination 空后面接了of the Persian word “karvan”和and seray, a palace or enclosed building 表示是這兩個(gè)詞的結(jié)合體詞為combination，

【4】C. describe 根據(jù)上一句對(duì)與詞Caravanserais的解釋，這一句也是表示同義方向的內(nèi)容，用來解釋The Perm caravan，這里只有描述這個(gè)詞可以表達(dá)詞義。

【5】C. such as groups of people 是前面的大范疇的名詞短語，而空后面merchants, travellers or pilgrims 為小范疇的內(nèi)容，所以需要表示列舉關(guān)系，只有such as 復(fù)合語義。

【6】A. construction 根據(jù)第一段第一句表示Caravanserais …… were built 可以看到同義句意 the construction of the Caravanserais。

【7】B. faced 前一句講到 safe place ，后面Travellers …… possibility of being attacked，這里需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞搭配，帶入可知只有旅行者面臨被襲擊的可能性。

【8】B. subjected 根據(jù)and 的前后語義一致原則，前面提到將面臨襲擊，后面也要接貶義色彩的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)搭配 be subjected to 表示 遭受不好的東西 與前面語義色彩一直。

【9】A. so that 前面 提到Caravanserais 被有計(jì)劃的放置，后面接的是they could be reached in a day’s travel time. 可以看出前后為因果關(guān)系，只有so that 后接結(jié)果。

【10】D. meeting Caravanserais 被當(dāng)作 an informal非正式的 …… point地點(diǎn)，前面講到人們?cè)诼眯腥盏竭_(dá)這里，所以這里只能是meeting point 見面的地點(diǎn)。

【11】D. As a result 前后提到Caravanserais served as an informal meeting point( Caravanserais被當(dāng)作一個(gè)非正式會(huì)面的點(diǎn))，空格后接those structures became important centers(這些地方被當(dāng)作重要的中心)，可以得出前后為因果關(guān)系，只有as a result,可以滿足。

【12】C. exchange and 前后詞義相近，與interaction”互動(dòng);交往”詞義相近的是exchange “交換;交流”。

【13】C. as well as 文中 獨(dú)立主格中with travelers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, () talking knowledge with them 可以看出sharing cultures，ideas and beliefs 和后面talking knowledge with them 為并列關(guān)系，只有 as well as 符合正確答案。

【14】B. influencing 前面提到sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, as well as talking knowledge with them， 動(dòng)作 the development of several civilizations. 帶入只有influence符合語義。

【15】A. aided 前面講到Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities表示一個(gè)褒義的色彩，而and 后內(nèi)容需要保持一致，只有aided 符合語義色彩。

【16】B. Indeed 前一句講的是重要市場，后面句子it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares 也表示售賣商品，語義一致，只有indeed符合語義。

【17】D. stock up on and 前面講到商人賣貨，后面空格又接了supplies供給只有 stock up on 儲(chǔ)存符合文義。

【18】B. predicted 空格后提到round 120000 to 15000 caravanserais were built，是一個(gè)預(yù)估的事情，所以只能選擇predicted.

【19】D. although 前后語義完全相反，前后講remain 后面講ruins，所以只能選擇although。

【20】A. ruins 前面提到…… remain today與之在同義語域的只有 in ruins “毀滅，消失”。

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21. In the first paragraph, the weather in Texas is mentioned to

A. Forecast a policy shift in Texas school

B. Stress the consequences of climate change

C. Indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting

D. Draw the public’s attention to energy shortages

【21】C. Indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting 解析：該題為例證題，問在第一段得克薩斯州的天氣被提及為了說明什么。文章開頭提到得克薩斯州天氣變冷最近成為了熱議話題，但是州教育董事會(huì)的會(huì)議熱度正高 (but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting)，因此這里提到得克薩斯州天氣是為了來反襯州教育董事會(huì)對(duì)于天氣變化教育討論的熱度。故選C。

22. what does Quinn think of Hardy?

A. She exaggerates the existing panic.

B. She denies the value of scientific work.

C. She shows no concern for pre-teens.

D. She expressed self-contradictory view.

【22】B. She denies the value of scientific work. 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干中的Quinn和Hardy定位到第三段。這里提到：大多數(shù)科學(xué)家和專家強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)哈代的觀點(diǎn)。Quinn說：“他們隨意地將學(xué)者和科學(xué)家的職業(yè)工作視為另一種被誤導(dǎo)的觀點(diǎn)?！?They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.)。因此證明Quinn認(rèn)為Hardy否定科學(xué)研究的價(jià)值。故選B。

23. The study in paragraph 5 shows that

A. Climate education is insufficient at the states public schools.

B. Policymakers have little drive for science education.

C. Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbook.

D. Environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.

【23】A. Climate education is insufficient at the states public schools. 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段，里面提到由科學(xué)家和教師組成的非營利組織——美國國家科學(xué)教育中心去年進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)研究，研究了全美州立公立學(xué)校在科學(xué)課上如何應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，結(jié)果給美國只有一半的州給出了B+或更高的評(píng)分。(looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher)。由此可知有另一半的州對(duì)氣候變化教育的評(píng)價(jià)不高，通過打分表示不滿，所以顯示州立公立學(xué)校中的氣候教育不足。故選A。

24. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US

A. Call for regular revision.

B. Require urgent application.

C. Have limited influence.

D. Cater to local needs.

【24】C. Have limited influence. 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的Branch和state-level science standards 定位到第六段。里面提到：在一個(gè)將決策權(quán)下放給地方學(xué)校董事會(huì)的國家，制定州級(jí)科學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只是一個(gè)有限的基準(zhǔn)。(only one limited benchmark in a country).limited benchmark對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中的limited influence，由此證明州科學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)影響有限。故選C。

25. It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools

A. Agree to major public demands.

B. Reflects teachers personal biases.

C. May misrepresent the energy sector.

D. Can be swayed by external forces.

【25】D. Can be swayed by external forces. 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到最后一段。最后一句話提及其中包括由自由主義智庫和能源行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)贊助的教材。(they include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.)，因此證明氣候變化教育會(huì)受到外部力量的支配。故選D。

Text 2

26. Which of the following is true of New England?

A. Its housing supply is at a very low level.

B. Its communities are in need of funding.

C. Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.

D. Its home prices are under strict control.

【26】A Its housing supply is at a very low level 解析：該題為事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，問關(guān)于新英格蘭哪點(diǎn)是正確的，文中提到：隨著房價(jià)創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的高和歷史性的低庫存(with record-high home prices and historically low inventory)。所以Its housing supply is at a very low level住房供應(yīng)處于非常低的水平以及historically low inventory歷史性的低庫存是同義替換，故選A。

27. The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was intended to

A. curb short-term rental speculation.

B. ensure the supply of cheap housing.

C. punish illegal dealings in housing.

D. allow a free short-term rental market.

【27】D allow a free short-term rental market 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問第2段提到的法案旨在，文中提到：法案將城鎮(zhèn)制定限制短期租賃的立法成為非法。(a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals)。所以該法案不希望限制短期租賃，故選D。

28. Compared with Castle, Taylor is more likely to support

A. further investment in local tourism.

B. an increase in affordable housing.

C. strict management of real estate agents.

D. a favorable policy for short-term workers.

【28】B an increase in affordable housing 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，與Castle相比，Taylor更有可能支持，文中提到：沒有足夠的可負(fù)擔(dān)住房，泰勒說：“雇主很難吸引員工，工人也很難找到住處?！?Without enough affordable housing ..., “employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,’’ Taylor said)。所以Taylor認(rèn)為需要增加可負(fù)擔(dān)住房，故選B。

29. What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph 5?

A. The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.

B. The efficient operation of the local housing market.

C. The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.

D. The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.

【29】C The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，在第5段中Horn強(qiáng)調(diào)了什么，文中提到：霍恩說：“我認(rèn)為問題是，一個(gè)開發(fā)商如果真的在建造酒店，卻把它偽裝成不是酒店，難道不應(yīng)該像酒店一樣受到對(duì)待、征稅和監(jiān)管嗎?”(“I think the question is, shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel, but disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?’’ Horn said.)所以Horn認(rèn)為有必要阻止開發(fā)商為了避稅和避開監(jiān)管而在建造酒店的過程中偽裝成不是酒店，故選C。

30. Horn holds that imposing registration requirements is

A. an irrational decision.

B. an unnecessary measure.

C. an unfeasible proposal.

D. an inadequate solution.

【30】D an inadequate solution 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，Horn認(rèn)為強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行登記要求是，文中提到：霍恩表示，類似的登記要求可能會(huì)讓其他陷入困境的城市和城鎮(zhèn)受益。然而，解決這個(gè)問題的唯一途徑是創(chuàng)造更多的住房。(Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other struggling cities and towns. The only way to solve the issue, however, is by creating more housing.)說明Horn認(rèn)為類似的登記要求其實(shí)并不是一個(gè)合適的解決方案，故選D。

Text 3

31. The author mentions two books in paragraph to present

A. An ongoing conflict

B. An intellectual concept

C. A prevailing sentiment

D. A literary phenomenon

【31】A. An ongoing conflict 解析：該題為例證題。題干問作者提及兩本書的目的是什么。例證題論據(jù)出現(xiàn)在開頭，論點(diǎn)應(yīng)該往后找，下一句話提到這兩本書都將于下周由企鵝蘭登書屋出版，該公司目前正與水石書店發(fā)生對(duì)峙，(Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House, a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.)，因此證明目前出版社和書店正在發(fā)生沖突。故選A。

32. why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?

A. To make them easily noticeable

B. To comply with PRH’s requirement

C. To respond to PRH’s business move

D. To arrange them in systematic way

【32】C. To respond to PRH’s business move 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問為什么Waterstones(水石書店)會(huì)把PRH的書退到相關(guān)的專柜。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段最后一句。這一段開頭提到：這個(gè)問題(31題中提到的沖突)始于去年年底，當(dāng)時(shí)企鵝蘭登書屋(PRH)證實(shí)，它已經(jīng)向水石書店推出了“非常高的”信用額度限制。(The problem began late last year, when Penguin Random House confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones “at a very significant level”.)。因此證明水石書店把書退回是為了應(yīng)對(duì)PRH的信用額度限制。故選C。

33. what message does the spokesperson for Waterstones seem to convey?

A. Their customers remain loyal

B. The credit limit will be removed.

C. Their stock is underestimated.

D. The book market is rather slack

【33】A. Their customers remain loyal 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干spokesperson定位到第三段第一句。答案句在這一段倒數(shù)后兩句，里面提到：“我們的商店現(xiàn)在重新開張了，我們希望恢復(fù)正常，我們將被允許適當(dāng)?shù)刭徫?。?dāng)然，我們的商店非常繁忙，圖書銷售也非常好。我們5月份的月度圖書銷量超過了2018年以來的任何一個(gè)月。(Certainly, our shops are exceptionally busy and book sales are very strong. The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any month since 2018.”)。說明雖然水石書店收到信貸條款有所減少，但是圖書銷量非常好，印證了他們?nèi)匀挥兄覍?shí)的顧客。故選A。

34. what can be one consequence of the current dispute?

A. Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.

B. Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticism

C. Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name author’s books.

D. Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.

【34】A. Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably. 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干當(dāng)中的dispute定位到第四段。第二句提到知名PRH作者可能會(huì)受到一些影響，但那些通常依賴水石書店員工熱情推廣不太知名作家作品的中游作家，將會(huì)祈禱這場糾紛結(jié)束。(it’s those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute.)。因此能印證居中作家的書籍銷量大幅下滑，處于不利地位。故選A。

35. Which of the following statements best represents Lownie’s view?

A. Small publishers ought to stick together.

B. Big publishers will lose their dominance.

C. The publishing industry is having a hard time.

D. The merger of publishers is a worrying trend.

【35】D. The merger of publishers is a worrying trend. 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干當(dāng)中的Lownie定位到倒數(shù)第二段。答案句在最后一段：我們將看到，這種多元化(=merger)是否是當(dāng)前出版商需要足夠大的規(guī)模來接納所有來客的犧牲品。作者在擔(dān)憂是否這種多元化會(huì)成為犧牲品(We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.)，因此證明出版商的多元化是一個(gè)令人擔(dān)憂的趨勢。故選D。

Text 4

36. According Paragraph 1, the careers of scientists can be determined by

A. how many citations their works contain.

B. how many times their papers are cited.

C. the prestige of the people they work with.

D. the status they have in scientific circles.

【36】B how many times their papers are cited 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問科學(xué)家的職業(yè)生涯由什么決定，第一段末句提到：科學(xué)家的職業(yè)生涯及其機(jī)構(gòu)的聲譽(yù)取決于他們所發(fā)表論文的數(shù)量和聲譽(yù)，但更重要的是，這些論文所吸引到的引用。(but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers)所以職業(yè)家的生涯最關(guān)鍵的因素是他們論文被引用的次數(shù)。

37. The support service consultancies tend to

A. recommend journals to their clients.

B. list citation patterns for their clients.

C. ask authors to include extra citations.

D. advise contributors to cite each other.

【37】C ask authors to include extra citations 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問支持服務(wù)的咨詢公司往往會(huì)，文中提到：提供支持服務(wù)的咨詢公司有時(shí)會(huì)建議撰稿人在他們的文章和同事的文章中添加一些引文。(support service consultancies ... sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles and the articles of colleagues)。include extra citations是add a number of citations的同義替換，故選C。

38. The function of the “milk cow” journals is to

A. boost citation counts for certain authors.

B. help scholars publish articles at low cost.

C. instruct first-time contributors in citation.

D. increase the readership of new journals.

【38】A boost citation counts for certain authors 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問“奶?！逼诳淖饔檬鞘裁?，文中提到：這些期刊可以像奶牛一樣，每期的每篇文章都可以引用一篇特定的論文或一系列論文。(These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers)。每期的每篇文章都可以引用特定或者一系列論文，也就是為某些作者增加引用次數(shù)，故選A。

39. What can be learned about Scopus from the last two paragraphs?

A. It fosters competition among citation providers.

B. It has the capability to identify suspicious citations.

C. It hinders the growth of “international” journals.

D. It is established to prevent citation manipulation.

【39】B It has the capability to identify suspicious citations 解析：該題為推理細(xì)節(jié)題，問從最后兩段中可以得知Scopus，文中提到：Scopus本身擁有檢測這種弊端所需的所有數(shù)據(jù)。(Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice)。這里B項(xiàng)identify suspicious citations(發(fā)現(xiàn)可疑的引用)和原文detect this malpractice(發(fā)現(xiàn)這種不當(dāng)行為)是同義替換，故選B。

40. What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?

A. Take legal action.

B. Demand an apology.

C. Seek professional advice.

D. Reveal their misconduct.

【40】D Reveal their misconduct 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問作者應(yīng)該如何處理引文操縱者，文中提到：當(dāng)編輯、審稿人或支持服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)要求你添加不適當(dāng)?shù)膮⒖嘉墨I(xiàn)時(shí)，不要強(qiáng)迫自己，并將請(qǐng)求報(bào)告給期刊。(when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal)。這里D項(xiàng)reveal their misconduct(揭露他們的不當(dāng)行為)和原文do report the request to the journal(將請(qǐng)求報(bào)告給期刊)是同義替換，故選D。

Part B

[A] This year marks the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson. He captured the first-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons, Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies. Jackson snapped them on a late 19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conducted by the head of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ferdinand V. Hayden. The team included a meteorologist, a zoologist, a mineralogist, and an agricultural statistician.

[B] Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to many U.S. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts — and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular — came in the form of vivid photographs.

[C] As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran’s paintings, to each member of Congress. “The visualization, particularly those photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,” says Murphy.

[D] Throughout the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the collision process that involved coating the plates with a chemical mixture, exposing them and developing the resulting images with a portable darkrooms. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposures times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment--several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of old faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members that the camp. While veterans of previous expeditions had written at length about stunning sights, these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.

[E] The well-documented Yellowstone journey officially began in Ogden, Utah on June 8, 1871. Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake. That fall, they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming.

[F] Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area’s riches, most Americans did not. That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.

[G] The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872.

[H] Perhaps most importantly, these images provided documentary evidence of the park’s sights that later made its way to government officials. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team’s observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives, along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved (and that his department deserved additional funds).

41 A 42 E 43 H 44 45

【41】B

首先排除AEH選項(xiàng)，其次，C、D中出現(xiàn)了Jackson 非全名，所以排除，F(xiàn)中出現(xiàn)Hayden 非全名排除， G the bill 表示前面出現(xiàn)過，排除， H perhaps most importantly, these images 可知前面出現(xiàn)過images，可排除，答案只能是B。

【42】F

A中出現(xiàn)The team included…… F中出現(xiàn)In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also……根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可知，F(xiàn)緊跟A后，所以答案是F

【43】D

D 中出現(xiàn)Throughout the trip與E中的The well-documented Yellowstone journey……同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。以及D中出現(xiàn)images，H中出現(xiàn)these images。所以答案是D

【44】C

He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed…… to each member of Congress. 講到打印出大量得復(fù)印品分發(fā)給國會(huì)，讓國會(huì)參與。

【45】G

The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. 表示保護(hù)最后通過國會(huì)的議案，進(jìn)行立法。CG為捆綁選項(xiàng)。

Part C

【46】AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favourite celebrities, and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.

考察知識(shí)點(diǎn)：介詞短語;非謂語動(dòng)詞短語

人工智能還可以用來識(shí)別客戶的生活方式選擇，包括他們的愛好、最喜歡的名人和時(shí)尚，從而在社交媒體上發(fā)布的營銷信息中提供獨(dú)特的內(nèi)容。

【47】Some believe that AI is negatively-impacting on the marketer's role by reducing creativity and removing jobs but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.

考察知識(shí)點(diǎn)：賓語從句;并列句

一些人認(rèn)為，人工智能通過削弱創(chuàng)造力和減少工作崗位，對(duì)營銷人員的作用產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響，但他們意識(shí)到這是一種降低成本和創(chuàng)造新信息的方式。

【48】Algorithms used to stimulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns, especially no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.

考察知識(shí)點(diǎn)：過去分詞短語;賓語從句

用于刺激人類互動(dòng)的算法正在產(chǎn)生許多這樣的擔(dān)憂，尤其是沒有人能確定使用人工智能與客戶互動(dòng)會(huì)帶來什么樣的結(jié)果。

【49】If customers are not willing to show data, AI will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication.

考察知識(shí)點(diǎn)：條件狀語從句

如果客戶不愿意顯示數(shù)據(jù)，人工智能將缺乏必要的信息，進(jìn)而無法有效運(yùn)作，也無法利用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)來改善其營銷內(nèi)容和傳播方式。

【50】The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is sensitive to the needs of the target customer is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.

考察知識(shí)點(diǎn)：賓語從句

以一種對(duì)目標(biāo)客戶需求敏感的方式非侵入式地傳遞營銷信息是數(shù)字市場營銷人員面臨的關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)之一。

Section Ⅲ Writing

Part A

【51】Directions:

Write a notice to recruit a student for Professor Smith’s research project on campus sports activities.

Specify the duties and requirements of the job.

You should write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your own name in the notice; use “Li Ming” instead.(10 points)

參考范文

Notice

June 10, 2023

A research is to be conducted by Professor Smith,which is on campus sports activities. We hereby issue a notice to recruit a student to assist this job.

The responsibilities and qualifications are as follows. First and foremost, since the project will last two months from July 10, the volunteer student is supposed to involved in the whole process, including organizing experimental subjects and recording research data. In addition, those students are preferred who master sound knowledge of sports and have participated in former campus sports activities. Moreover, teamwork spirit, diligence and critical thinking are some of the prerequisite qualities for the research work.

Those who are interested in being volunteers may email us at students’ union@university.edu.cn before June 10, 2023.

Li Ming

Part B

【52】Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should

1)describe the picture briefly,

2)interpret the implied meaning, and

3)give your comments.

考研英語：克服閱讀難題的技巧

一、通讀全文，注重理解

閱讀理解其實(shí)主要考的是“閱讀”之后的“理解”。 任何一篇文章，若要能看懂它，至少需要兩個(gè)條件：認(rèn)識(shí)單詞和看明白句子?？佳性~匯大約為5500個(gè)，這不是一個(gè)小數(shù)字，也并非三兩天時(shí)間可以記住的，所以，考生必須先買一本考研英語詞匯書進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)、長期的學(xué)習(xí)和記憶。除單詞外，有時(shí)句子太長也會(huì)對(duì)閱讀造成致命的傷害。這就要求同學(xué)們?cè)谌粘W(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中，注意長難句的分析，記住一些固定的搭配，熟悉掌握句子結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response， causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions。

該句子可分三個(gè)層次進(jìn)行分析。第一層是主干，studies have shown that， 第二層是由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，該從句中的主干是sex hormones affect the stress response， 現(xiàn)在分詞causing引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語，表示以某種方式影響壓力反應(yīng)，從而致使分泌更多的化學(xué)物質(zhì)?，F(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀語相當(dāng)于so that 引導(dǎo)的從句，該分詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以改寫為so that sex hormones cause females to produce more of the trigger chemicals。最后一個(gè)層次是than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句，主語male與句子前的female相比較，替代詞do代替之前的謂語，將謂語省略，提前do構(gòu)成倒裝。比較狀語從句可改寫為females produce more of the trigger chemicals than males produce。

譯文：對(duì)動(dòng)物和人類的研究表明，性激素以某種方式影響壓力反應(yīng)，使雌性在承受壓力時(shí)比處于同等條件下的雄性分泌更多觸發(fā)不良反應(yīng)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

大家切記，英語的句子中，“主+謂+賓”基本與中文一致，是按順序擺放的，而定、狀語經(jīng)常倒著放，又長又多，比主、謂、賓要難很多。定、狀語放好了，句子才能看明白，想看懂閱讀理解中的長難句，語法基本功一定要扎實(shí)。

二、了解題型

閱讀理解的問題基本分為五大類：

1.主旨大意題。

這類題實(shí)質(zhì)考察考生對(duì)中心思想的理解，難度不高，具體應(yīng)對(duì)技巧如下：

A.關(guān)注各段落首句，尤其是第一段首句，這與西方人思維相關(guān)，他們習(xí)慣開門見山表達(dá)出自己的觀點(diǎn)，然后廣泛引用材料去論述。因此，一般而言首段的首句構(gòu)成文章的中心句，而各段的首句構(gòu)成各段的中心。

B.關(guān)注首段末句。有些作者習(xí)慣先列出一些傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)或先對(duì)一些具體現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行說明，然后提出與之不同的觀點(diǎn)或在結(jié)尾對(duì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行總結(jié)，在接下來的段落中繼續(xù)論述。對(duì)于這類文章，如果作者沒有提出不同的觀點(diǎn)，則最后總結(jié)性語句為文章中心，一旦提出不同或完全對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)，又在后文中加以論述，則作者提出的新觀點(diǎn)為文章中心;如果新老觀點(diǎn)均是對(duì)同一個(gè)結(jié)果的論述，那么該論述的結(jié)論為文章中心。

C.當(dāng)不能直接找出主題句時(shí)，通常文章中作者給予敘述較多或強(qiáng)調(diào)較多的某一事物或某一觀點(diǎn)即文章的中心。在題目作答時(shí)，可采用中心詞定位法，排除不含中心詞的選項(xiàng)，對(duì)比有中心詞的選項(xiàng)，選擇最接近中心的選項(xiàng)。

D。如果對(duì)選項(xiàng)仍有異議，可把有異議的選項(xiàng)逐個(gè)帶入文章中，看哪個(gè)能更好的囊括文章中心。這是一個(gè)檢驗(yàn)的過程。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

此類題占閱讀總分40分中的50%左右，因此十分重要。注意，這類問題與推理性問題截然相反，都可以從原文中找到答案，只不過為了迷惑考生，常常將原文進(jìn)行改寫，換一種說法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而與原文意思相同的，才是正確的。其基本應(yīng)對(duì)技巧如下：

A.基本原則是以中心為導(dǎo)向，忠實(shí)原文為基礎(chǔ)，千萬不可主觀臆斷，最好的方法是回到原文的出題點(diǎn)進(jìn)行揣摩。

B.必須看清題目，尤其是當(dāng)題目就某一個(gè)具體細(xì)節(jié)并且脫離文章中心的提問。一般來說，細(xì)節(jié)問題絕大部分是圍繞文章中心進(jìn)行出題，但不排除文中就一些具體的，因果互動(dòng)現(xiàn)象的內(nèi)容提問。

3.詞匯短語題。

其分值不高，考察范圍可分為兩類。第一，綱內(nèi)詞匯詞義的引申。考察考生對(duì)所熟悉的詞匯在特定語境下正確含義的理解。一般來說，該詞的本意不是解，但是其引申義上仍可以找到本意的影子。第二，綱外詞匯詞義的推斷。

4.推斷性問題。

此類題大概占20%左右的分值，總體難度不大，是考生的必得分點(diǎn)。中心導(dǎo)向依然是解題的宏觀主線，其關(guān)鍵是忠實(shí)原文的推斷。其應(yīng)對(duì)策略和事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題類似，考生在該題型上的主要失誤在于脫離文章主觀臆斷造成的。

5.語氣態(tài)度題。

對(duì)作者態(tài)度的判斷是構(gòu)成閱讀理解的兩條宏觀主線之一。因此，正確辨明作者對(duì)所敘述事物的態(tài)度，不僅關(guān)系到本類題型的解答，也潛在影響到其他問題的正確解答。這類題目主要從作者文中描述事物所用到的形容詞，副詞，動(dòng)詞等表達(dá)感情色彩的詞匯入手。當(dāng)選項(xiàng)不能確定時(shí)，再回到原文中找關(guān)鍵詞。對(duì)這類題型，分清褒貶一般不難，是考生的必得分點(diǎn)。

三、提高閱讀速度

大家都知道，僅僅把題選對(duì)是不夠的，因?yàn)榭荚囘€有時(shí)間的限制。(你就算選對(duì)，每篇文章花一個(gè)小時(shí)那能行嗎?!)記住，考試總共180分鐘，四篇閱讀最多占70~80分鐘(即17~20分鐘一篇)，其余時(shí)間還要寫作文、做翻譯、英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用等。在這里為大家介紹幾種基本的提高閱讀速度的方法。

1.跳躍式閱讀。

跳讀所要跳過的內(nèi)容自然是和文章中心沒有太多聯(lián)系的內(nèi)容。如對(duì)某一專家身份頭銜的說明，這類文字內(nèi)容與文章中心雖不相關(guān)，但經(jīng)常在文中出現(xiàn)，這些內(nèi)容事實(shí)上會(huì)增加信息的復(fù)雜程度，干擾考生思路，而題目中不會(huì)考察。如2008年試題中：

‘women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men，‘ according to Dr。 Yehuda， chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran‘s Administration Hospital。此句中，Dr.Yehuda后面長長的頭銜完全可以在閱讀的過程中跳過。

2.掃描式閱讀。

掃描閱讀與跳讀的內(nèi)容相比，與文章聯(lián)系更緊密，但一般不是考試重點(diǎn)，我們只需有大致的印象。這類內(nèi)容一般由用來說明中心的論據(jù)構(gòu)成。當(dāng)段落中心已經(jīng)明確時(shí)，我們可以對(duì)說明中心的具體論據(jù)實(shí)行快速掃描。

考研英語備考攻略

1、定目標(biāo)

比如目標(biāo)總分60分，那么、每個(gè)題型都盡量拿到60%的分?jǐn)?shù)，具體如下：

完型6分(較難)、閱讀24分(較容易)、新題型6分(容易)、翻譯6分(較難)、作文18分(容易)。

2、復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)

完形：完型幾乎是所有考生的難點(diǎn)，很多學(xué)長學(xué)姐也會(huì)建議不要花太多時(shí)間在完型上。所以，完形就跟著每套卷子做一遍就好了。

閱讀：閱讀是提分大項(xiàng)!建議你多做閱讀。閱讀的復(fù)習(xí)，不管在什么階段，都應(yīng)該圍繞著真題進(jìn)行。

3、總結(jié)詞匯

積累自己完全不懂的詞匯、句子，積累自己認(rèn)識(shí)，但是記憶比較模糊或者不確定的，尤其是熟詞僻義一定要注意。(用兩種標(biāo)記區(qū)分開來，復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候分開集中攻克，能提高復(fù)習(xí)效率)

4、發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤

答案對(duì)文章的錯(cuò)誤解答;答案中有無關(guān)內(nèi)容干擾;答案和文章意思相反;答案把文章中出現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)作為文章的全部含義;答案過度理解文章的意思;答案中加入無關(guān)詞匯干擾選項(xiàng)等。

考研復(fù)試英語難不難

考研復(fù)試的英語口試其實(shí)在難度上不是很高，主要看你的英語口語表達(dá)能力如何。這一點(diǎn)是因人而異的，有的人天生口語表達(dá)能力比較強(qiáng)，能夠說出一口很流利的英語口語;而有的人天生口語能力差，在英語筆試上可以有很高的水平，但是一到口語上就很差勁，英語發(fā)音不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，英語口語不夠流利，或許多練習(xí)發(fā)音能夠有一定的提高。

在考研英語復(fù)試的時(shí)候一般不會(huì)給太長的發(fā)揮時(shí)間，主要要看面試的考官，有的考研院校在復(fù)試的英語口語環(huán)節(jié)是給十五分鐘左右時(shí)間以小組為單位進(jìn)行英語口語的展示和表達(dá)，其中的英語口語自我介紹是必要的環(huán)節(jié)，剩余是時(shí)間用于抽簽進(jìn)行話題的英語口語表達(dá)。